If GPS weren’t so universally available and precise, TPMS systems could be employed to read and record road section forces as location identifiers.

Theoretically you could do it with just wheel rotation data which wouldn't change conditions frequently like roads might. There's probably only one spot in the world where you can start driving, go around a somewhat circular road for 430 feet, have a left turn and go 251 feet, right turn and go 3451 feet