You seem to be operating on the assumption that stock values are just totally and completely random and the fact that Google is worth $4T is just as much of a possibility as Hertz Rental Car being worth $1.5B

If you disagree with the above framing, your reasoning will have to concede the existence of underlying value. Yes, obviously the price of a share is the result of the bid and the ask price in the order book. But those prices are based on something, they are not randomly generated. They are based on conceptions of value. The fact that companies with increasing free cash flow over long periods of time always see increasing share prices over time is not random coincidence.

That example is a bit extreme but I can give two more normal examples.

Google/Nvidia and Apple/Nvidia. I don't think there is a world where nvidia will make more money than google or apple or keep making more money than them.

Also another one is Tesla. In my opinion, there is absolutely no world where tesla is worth the current stock price if you compare it to chineese companies or some company like Toyota.

Ofc at this point it depends on if you believe the stock market is absolutely correct or if it is correct in these specific examples. We can agree that it is correct in pricing Google higher than a car rental company but it is more complicated.

The prices are based on something but that something is so obscure and complicated that I don't see a way to make a calculation out of it outside of American ideology of stock market/capitalism.

> The fact that companies with increasing free cash flow over long periods of time always see increasing share prices over time is not random coincidence

This is just trivially related imo there is no real calculation between these things . And this relation it is breaking more and more lately as far as I can understand. This might mean stock market ideology is starting to diverge from the real world which is scary