Even Terry Tao struggled at times: "When I was a graduate student in Princeton, Tom Wolff came and gave a course on recent progress on the restriction and Kakeya conjectures, starting from the breakthrough work of Jean Bourgain in a now famous 1991 paper in Geom. Func. Anal.. I struggled with that paper for many months; it was by far the most difficult paper I had to read as a graduate student, as Jean would focus on the most essential components of an argument, treating more secondary details (such as rigorously formalising the uncertainty principle) in very brief sentences."

More details at

https://terrytao.wordpress.com/2018/12/29/jean-bourgain/

(In particular, see the "???" in the Tao's annotated copy of Bourgain's paper.)