Culturally, mathematics is a jobs program for nerds. The field very explicitly takes pride in working on problems that have no obvious applications, and most practitioners are funded publicly or supported by private endowments, with zero pressure to deliver specific results.

Of course, this produces useful results every now and then, but it's not like we pursued ruthless efficiency / maximum rate of knowledge advancement before. We just let them do their thing, essentially treating them as artists and letting them pursue the craft for its own sake. If we weren't interested in maximum throughput before, why is that an objective now?

Hardy would agree with the viewpoint that you espouse but it would be pushed back against by Arnol'd, Poincare, Gauss, Von Neumann, and even Grothendiek: Arnol'd and Poincare were vituperatively against the division between "pure" and "applied" mathematics; they considered mathematics and physics interchangeable, and Arnol'd lamented that the field had lost a large amount of funding/prestige/relevance due to groups like the Bourbaki that took a purely aesthetic view; Gauss had a critical view of problems like Fermat's last theorem (he felt that you could construct infinitely many such problems, and felt that attempting to prove it was a generally useless endeavor), along with outright calling pure mathematics worthless; but while Von Neumann and Grothendiek were more moderate, both were critical of the field losing motivation/quality as it strayed away from empirical science into—quoting Von Neumann—"abstract inbreeding".

Arnold's polemics are perhaps the most infamous and easily found online (see "On Teaching Mathematics"), but the written opinions of Poincare et seq. are also easy to find. Even today the vast majority of research funding for mathematics, at least in the United States, is dolled out for highly applied fields like partial differential equations. The field does not even close to unanimously (contemporarily or historically) "explicitly take pride" in working on problems that have no obvious application, or being a "jobs program for nerds": the notion of such "pure" or "nonapplied" mathematics is at the very least a highly fractious and controversial subject, with a number of big names taking opposing viewpoints (often vehemently).

I think your picture of the field is over-represented on the internet, much like the fixation on certain niche fields: Category Theory, Homotopy Type Theory or, worst of all, outright dubious fields like Geometric Algebra; fields with a large number of online promoters, but with much less funding and relevance in the actual academic space. Of course there are reputable people with PHDs that feel this way,—but I can only imagine that there's a legion of tyros, pop math consumers, and undergraduate students who disproportionately promote this viewpoint.

> We just let them do their thing, essentially treating them as artists and letting them pursue the craft for its own sake.

I think we generally did that because that seemed to be the best known process for maximizing the quantity of useful mathematics that they occasionally stumble upon.

It's not like we treat math as a charity project for eccentrics who like blackboards. What we want is new mathematical discoveries that have a huge positive impact on other areas of the world. It's just that math and/or human brains are such that seemingly the best way to find those discoveries was to let mathematicians wander around randomly in mindspace.

If a more guided structured process produced more results, we'd probably do that. But it doesn't seem to, so we don't. I don't think anyone knows yet what the best process for producing useful mathematics with humans + AIs looks like.

Except, it was true before and it is still true today that the best "artists" whether graphic or mathematic, are the ones that do somehow manage to cross the chasm of pure research and providing a tangible benefit to their benefactors. That aspect of understanding your customer is not changed by the presence of AI.

Pure mathematics != applied mathematics

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