Yes, and Stripe could do much better to prevent it. And doesn't.

They could, but this isn't discussed in the blog post. The post is about literal fraud, which has a very different recourse for the merchant.

What would you like them to do?

Even in the post you're wishy washy about what you want. They offer a product that does enhanced fraud detection but you don't like that. You correctly call out that there's major risks with taking a merchant's report and using it to flag a user's future transactions.