What I've seen is a more structured texture applied with plastic films. https://www.lufthansa-technik.com/en/aeroshark One company claims up to 4% less fuel use. https://mako.aero/insights/delta-partners-with-mako-to-test-...

They allude to this alternative tech in the article, and I think it will stay the dominant approach because the far finer dimensions of the new tech talked about in the article, even if integrated into a film using glass beads as they also did, appears to be intrinsically much more susceptible to rapid functional degradation. It's about or less than the thickness of dirt / grime / bug goo. But tests will tell.