> The fertilizer subsidy program (FISP) consumes up to three-fourths the agriculture budget in some years to subsidize maize inputs for smallholders. It is politically untouchable because rural maize farmers are the median voter. Several administrations have made some attempt to reform it and backed down. Resources that could go to roads, irrigation, or diversification go to propping up the existing structure.

Idk, this one doesn't seem super difficult to diagnose. The political system has been captured by a special interest with consolidated control.

That describes plenty of very rich countries as well.