I’m curious: what happens when a file and its metadata are fsync’d, but the dirent is not and the system loses power? If the file is brand new, does it show up as an orphan upon reboot, or is it just gone? Can you somehow access it by inode even if it’s not findable? Is this filesystem specific?

Is there something else weird that can happen if the file is not new, not unlinked, but changes are made that would alter the directory entry in it in some way?