Most people don't know, that "prediction markets" are acutally based on an idea by DARPA in 2002, after 9/11/2001.
Prediction markets, by any reasonable definition, existed long before 2002.
Yeah. People have put together a Prediction Market Database [1] (in a Google sheet), I think it's pretty well sourced and shows a good number of both real money and play money prediction markets from before 2002.
DARPA did have a big role though, too.
[1] https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vGjnJPxdnBKwag3Q9Uy_...