Canonically, the Star Trek computers have pretty much always been just computers, not themselves sentient because the software running on them just isn't.

I'm still not sure if HAL-9000 was supposed to be conscious or just an interesting plot device with a persona as superficial as LLMs are dismissed as today.

LLMs could definitely play the part of all three of your examples, given the flaws they showed on-screen. Could even do a decent approximation of Data (though perhaps not Lore without some jailbreaking).

Still weird that even the best of them isn't really ready to be KITT.