> Every Mathematician Has Only a Few Tricks
    > 
    > A long time ago an older and well-known number theorist made some disparaging remarks about Paul Erdös’s work.
    > You admire Erdös’s contributions to mathematics as much as I do,
    > and I felt annoyed when the older mathematician flatly and definitively stated
    > that all of Erdös’s work could be “reduced” to a few tricks which Erdös repeatedly relied on in his proofs.
    > What the number theorist did not realize is that other mathematicians, even the very best,
    > also rely on a few tricks which they use over and over.
    > Take Hilbert. The second volume of Hilbert’s collected papers contains Hilbert’s papers in invariant theory.
    > I have made a point of reading some of these papers with care.
    > It is sad to note that some of Hilbert’s beautiful results have been completely forgotten.
    > But on reading the proofs of Hilbert’s striking and deep theorems in invariant theory,
    > it was surprising to verify that Hilbert’s proofs relied on the same few tricks.
    > Even Hilbert had only a few tricks!
    > 
    > - Gian-Carlo Rota - "Ten Lessons I Wish I Had Been Taught"

I think when thinking about progress as a society, people need to internalize better that we all without exception are on this world for the first time.

We may have collectively filled libraries full of books, and created yottabytes of digital data, but in the end to create something novel somebody has to read and understand all of this stuff. Obviously this is not possible. Read one book per day from birth to death and you still only get to consume like 80*365=29200 books in the best case, from the millions upon millions of books that have been written.

So these "few tricks" are the accumulation of a lifetime of mathematical training, the culmination of the slice of knowledge that the respective mathematician immersed themselves into. To discover new math and become famous you need both the talent and skill to apply your knowledge in novel ways, but also be lucky that you picked a field of math that has novel things with interesting applications to discover plus you picked up the right tools and right mental model that allows you to discover these things.

This does not go for math only, but also for pretty much all other non-trivial fields. There is a reason why history repeats.

And it's actually a compelling argument why AI is still a big deal even though it's at its core a parrot. It's a parrot yes, but compared to a human, it actually was able to ingest the entirety of human knowledge.