This paper is not saying coffee is bad.

If anything, it leans slightly toward beneficial or neutral effects.

What broader science says (not just this paper).

Across many large studies, Coffee is associated with:

* ↓ Lowerisk of Type 2 Diabetes

* ↓ risk of Parkinson’s Disease

* ↓ overall mortality (yes, really)

Downsides (for some people):

* Anxiety / jitters

* Poor sleep

* Increased heart rate