Just for comparison I use the cheapest netcup root server:

RS 1000 G12 AMD EPYC™ 9645 8 GB DDR5 RAM (ECC) 4 dedicated cores 256 GB NVMe

Costs 12,79 €

Results with the follwing command:

fio --name=randreadwrite \ --filename=testfile \ --size=5G \ --bs=4k \ --rw=randrw \ --rwmixread=70 \ --iodepth=32 \ --ioengine=libaio \ --direct=1 \ --numjobs=4 \ --runtime=60 \ --time_based \ --group_reporting

IOPS Read: 70.1k IOPS Write: 30.1k IOPS ~100k IOPS total

Throughput Read: 274 MiB/s Write: 117 MiB/s

Latency Read avg: 1.66 ms, P99.9: 2.61 ms, max 5.644 ms Write avg: 0.39 ms, P99.9: 2.97 ms, max 15.307 ms

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Medowar 8 hours ago | parent | next [-]

That is a bit of a unfair comparison. The Hetzner and DO instances are shared hosting, you are using dedicated ressources.

Using a Netcup VPS 1000 G12 is more comparable.

read: IOPS=18.7k, BW=73.1MiB/s

write: IOPS=8053, BW=31.5MiB/s

Latency Read avg: 5.39 ms, P99.9: 85.4 ms, max 482.6 ms

Write avg: 3.36 ms, P99.9: 86.5 ms, max 488.7 ms

	▲	Nnnes 7 hours ago \| parent \| next [-]
		Hetzner has dedicated resources too, but they also have 2 levels of shared resources, "Cost-Optimized" and "Regular Performance". The 3900 IOPS CX23 above is "Cost-Optimized". Here are some "Regular Performance" shared resource stats Hetzner CPX11 (Ashburn, 2 CPUs, 2GB, 5.49€ or $6.99/month before VAT) read: IOPS=36.7k, BW=144MiB/s, avg/p99.9/max 2.4/6.1/19.5ms write: IOPS=15.8k, BW=61.7MiB/s, avg/p99.9/max 2.4/6.1/18.7ms Hetzner CPX22 (Helsinki, 2 CPUs, 4GB, 7.99€ or $9.49/month before VAT) read: IOPS=48.2k, BW=188MiB/s, avg/p99.9/max 1.9/5.7/10.8ms write: IOPS=20.7k, BW=80.8MiB/s, avg/p99.9/max 1.8/5.8/10.9ms Hetzner CPX32 (Helsinki, 4 CPUs, 8GB, 13.99€ or $16.49/month before VAT) read: IOPS=48.3k, BW=189MiB/s, avg/p99.9/max 1.9/6.2/36.1ms write: IOPS=20.7k, BW=81.0MiB/s, avg/p99.9/max 1.8/6.3/36.1ms
	▲	trvz 6 hours ago \| parent \| prev [-]
		Storage performance is practically always a shared resource, and that's what y'all are talking about here...

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yread 8 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Nice, on Hetzner AX41-nvme (~50 eur, from 2020) non-raid I get:

IOPS: read 325k, write 139k

Throughput: read 1271MB/s, write 545MB/s

Latency: read avg 0.3ms, P99.9 2.7ms, max 20ms; write: 0.14ms, P99.9 0.35ms max 3.3ms

so roughly 100 times iops and throughput of the cloud VMs