I’m not sure I understand what you mean by “waste 8 opcodes.”

There are only 256 1-byte opcodes or prefixes available, if you take 8 of these to zero registers, they won't be available for other instruction, and unless you consider zeroing to be so important that they really need their 1-byte opcodes, it is redundant since you can use the 2-byte "xor reg,reg" instead, hence the "waste'.

In addition, you would need 16 opcodes, not 8, if you also wanted to cover 8 bit registers (AH/AL,...).

Special shout-out to the undocumented SALC instruction, which puts the carry flag into AL. If you know that the carry will be 0, it is a nice sizecoding trick to zero AL in 1 byte.

They occupy 8 of the possible 256 byte values. Together, those five cases used about 15% of the space.

Though I was forgetting one important case: MOV r,imm also used one-byte opcodes with the register index embedded. And it came in byte and word variants, so it used a further 16 opcodes bytes for a total of 56 one byte opcodes with register encoding.

Traditionally in x86, only the first byte is the opcode used to select the instruction, and any further bytes contain only operands. Thus, since there exist 256 possible values for the initial byte, there are at most 256 possible opcodes to represent different instructions.

So if you add a 1-byte instruction for each register to zero its value, that consumes 8 of the possible 256 opcodes, since there are 8 registers. Traditional x86 did have several groups of 1-byte instructions for common operations, but most of them were later replaced with multibyte encodings to free up space for other instructions.

special mov 0 instruction times 8 registers. The opcode space, especially 1 byte opcode space, is precious so encoding redundant operations is wasteful.