It'd be nice if it described up front what kind of information is available per panel.

For that matter, I'd be interested in details of how "a team of researchers including alumni from NOAA, NASA and the USGS" (from the previous article) actually collected the data.

You can read the (open access) paper here:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-05862-4

In the abstract: “We use these newly compiled and delineated solar arrays and panel-rows to harmonize and independently estimate value-added attributes to existing datasets including installation year, azimuth, mount technology, panel-row area and dimensions, inter-row spacing, ground cover ratio, tilt, and installed capacity.“

I would like to know more detail as well.