It can be used in static analysis or type checking. E.g.

    if (x >= 0) {
      x += 10
      if (x =< 9) {
        // unreachable 
      }
    }

    initial: [-oo, oo]
    x >= 0 : [0, oo]
    x += 10: [10, oo]
    x =< 9 : [10, 9] (empty)

I’m working on a static analyser at the moment that does this, and the inferences that can be made just from the information of intervals is quite impressive. One thing you run into pretty quickly though in a lot of languages is integer overflow ruining your day - in your example above the commented section is reachable for signed ints that support overflow and that adds a whole other layer of complexity to things.

We recently implemented this idea in an LLVM optimisation pass based on value-range information from sensor datasheets [1].

[1]: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3640537.3641576