I'm often skeptical of the desire to create a lot of passes. In the early Vale compiler, and in the Mojo compiler, we were paying a lot of interest on tech debt because features were put in the wrong pass. We often incurred more complexity trying to make a concept work across passes than we would have had in fewer, larger passes. I imagine this also has analogies to microservices in some way. Maybe other compiler people can weigh in here on the correct number/kind of passes.

website is not up to date, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqVN1fGNpZw is not on there