How is OpenSSl these days? I vaguely remember the big ruckus a while back, was it Heartbleed? where everyone to their horror realized it was maybe 1 or 2 people trying to maintain OpenSSL, and the OpenBSD people then throwing manpower at it to clear up a lot of old outstanding bugs. It seems like it is on firmer/more organized footing these days?

The security side of OpenSSL improved significantly since Heartbleed, which was a galvanizing moment for the maintenance practices of the project. It doesn't hurt that OpenSSL is now one of the most actively researched software security targets on the Internet.

The software quality side of OpenSSL paradoxically probably regressed since Heartbleed: there's a rough consensus that the design of OpenSSL 3.0 was a major step backwards, not least for performance, and more than one large project (but most notably pyca/cryptography) is actively considering moving away from OpenSSL entirely as a result. Again: while security concerns might be an ancillary issue in those potential migrations, the core issue is just that OpenSSL sucks to work with now.

It’s still terrible. There was a brief period immediately after Heartbleed that it was rapidly improving but the entire OpenSSL 3 was a huge disappointment to anyone who cared about performance and complexity and developer experience (ergonomics). Core operations in OpenSSL 3 are still much much slower than in OpenSSL 1.1.1.

The HAProxy people wrote a very good blog post on the state of SSL stacks: https://www.haproxy.com/blog/state-of-ssl-stacks And the Python cryptography people wrote an even more damning indictment: https://cryptography.io/en/latest/statements/state-of-openss...

Here are some juicy quotes:

> With OpenSSL 3.0, an important goal was apparently to make the library much more dynamic, with a lot of previously constant elements (e.g., algorithm identifiers, etc.) becoming dynamic and having to be looked up in a list instead of being fixed at compile-time. Since the new design allows anyone to update that list at runtime, locks were placed everywhere when accessing the list to ensure consistency.

> After everything imaginable was done, the performance of OpenSSL 3.x remains highly inferior to that of OpenSSL 1.1.1. The ratio is hard to predict, as it depends heavily on the workload, but losses from 10% to 99% were reported.

> OpenSSL 3 started the process of substantially changing its APIs — it introduced OSSL_PARAM and has been using those for all new API surfaces (including those for post-quantum cryptographic algorithms). In short, OSSL_PARAM works by passing arrays of key-value pairs to functions, instead of normal argument passing. This reduces performance, reduces compile-time verification, increases verbosity, and makes code less readable.