It’s not a solution but it’s why humans have developed the obvious approach of “build one thing, then everyone can see that one thing and agree what needs to happen next” (ie the space of P solutions is reduced by creating one thing and then the next set of choices is reduced by the original Choice.

This might be obvious to everyone but it’s a nice way to me to view it (sort of restating the non-waterfall (agile?) approach to specification discovery)

Ie waterfall design without coding is too under specified, hence the agile waterfall of using code iteratively to find an exact specification