Lixnux version of AD is FreeIPA, with group policies translating to dconf - at least that was the way "enterprise" linux vendors (like RH or Canonical) were moving towards.

Now, how well is dconf integrated with all the software you want to run is another thing (it was done by GNOME, and ignored by KDE), and whether this is still the way they are all moving is yet another question but the infrastructure was being built.