> “Modern Agile and DevOps approaches prioritize iteration, which can challenge architectural discipline,” Riley explained. “As a result, technical debt accumulates, and maintainability and system resiliency suffer.”

Not sure i agree with the premise that "doing agile" implies decision making at odds with architecture: you can still iterate on architecture. Terraform etc make that very easy. Sure, tech debt accumulates naturally as a byproduct, but every team i've been on regularly does dedicated tech debt sprints.

I don't think the average CRUD API or app needs "perfect determinism", as long as modifications are idempotent.