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indoordin0saur 9 hours ago

SpaceX has reduced the cost of getting a ton of mass into orbit by a factor of 10 and with their new system (Starship) it's poised further reduce that to 100x. They launch, land and re-use their rockets so often now that what was considered impossible 15 years ago is now routine. They currently put more things into space than the rest of the world combined and by a huge margin. They also have the most advanced internet infrastructure in the world and are poised to replace legacy ISPs and even mobile carriers in the coming decade. Oh, and they're doing all this while making a profit ($16B last year) despite their massive R&D spending and even with the money sink that is xAI their profits will be higher this year. It's hard to say that this isn't one of the most innovative and fast moving companies in the world. $1.75T maybe seems excessive, but less so than a lot of other companies out there.

projektfu 9 hours ago | parent | next [-]

$16B is the top line gross revenue number.

You don't count R&D as an expense per GAAP, so...

They have claimed $8B in EBITDA, also leaving out the amortization of R&D costs.

Those aren't audited numbers, as far as I know.

infinitewars 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

That article claiming $8b profit is indeed mislabeling EBITDA as profit. EBITDA removes any recurring replenishment costs, the cost of building the satellite, launching the satellite, the user equipment manufacturing and returns, all ground infrastructure build and replacement, all employee stock compensation (not counted!), no advertising costs (and they've actually had to do a lot of that lately to scrounge customers that are remote enough that their network isn't too congested to serve), no taxes are counted (though they get out of that because they have no profit!). Not to mention payments servicing all their debt and Starship development.

*they actually use "Adjusted EBITDA" which is even more nonstandard and means they define the accounting however they want!

grooker 2 hours ago | parent [-]

Right the commercial side never added up

90% of the valuation is about Golden Dome

pnw 8 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Audited financials would be released with the S-1. But it's very unlikely that they are not audited given the amount of money they have raised.

JumpCrisscross 8 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> Those aren't audited numbers, as far as I know

SpaceX has been audited for over a decade.

Xunjin 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Care to share more about?

jrflowers 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/source-i-made-it-up

JumpCrisscross 5 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

[flagged]

projektfu 7 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Good to know.

scuff3d 8 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

No related to this conversation, but I just started reading some books on finance and I actually know what most of those terms mean now! Lol

JumpCrisscross 6 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Good for you! It’s fun when you realize it’s a constructed language that also tends towards precision. While accounting is not my favorite, financial models as a whole are incredibly powerful reasoning tools. On par, for me, with engineering or physics based first-principles reasoning.

instagraham 2 hours ago | parent [-]

Which financial models best describe reality in your opinion?

I'd always wanted to view affairs from a different lens, though I often feel the people who think everything revolves around bond rates or inflation numbers can miss the social picture of why things happen.

JumpCrisscross 2 hours ago | parent [-]

> Which financial models best describe reality in your opinion?

The most-powerful ones for individuals are the micreconomic mechanisms. Understanding how leverage, tranching and moving risk (and reward) across stakeholders and time, work, for instance. The necessary mechanisms and tradeoffs one must make, as well as the ones one should.

If you're looking for a formal model, it's the balance sheet. But not the accountant's. The financier's. Sources and uses, and uses and sources. Payments in, payments out. How do they balance over time; how do they change exposures to different layers of economic and legal control.

The primitives of these models are transactions and people. When you look through them, they're defining human wants and ambitions, faults and fears, patience and mortality.

leosanchez 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Any recommendations ?

5 hours ago | parent | prev [-]
[deleted]
dawnerd 8 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Hey are absolutely not replacing “legacy” isps and certainly not mobile. Even if they had perfect coverage, sat signals are way too sensitive to obstructions.

laughing_man an hour ago | parent | next [-]

True. They're replacing legacy ISPs in areas where your choices are high latency geostationary satellite service, dialup, or DSL where the nearest DSLAM is far enough away that it may as well be dialup.

baby_souffle 7 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

If anything they'll go for the lucrative customers that _need_ a signal to go faster through vacuum than through glass.

Maybe some decent revenue offering sat to cell for the traditional carriers.

luke5441 9 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I don't see how replacing mobile carriers with space based infrastructure is physically possible.

tristanj 8 hours ago | parent | next [-]

It's not meant to replace terrestrial networks, it's a space-based alternative that serves areas carriers have no financial incentive to cover. Terrestrial cellular towers cost between $150k to $500k per tower, and are not economically feasible in less populated areas. There are also many dead-zones in mountainous regions, since cell signals are blocked by mountains.

Starlink Mobile supplements this, it's simply cheaper for mobile providers to partner with them than do their own buildout. Currently only 5% of the earth's surface is covered by cellular signals. Starlink will push that up to 85+%, and is backward compatible with existing cellphones.

triceratops 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

> it's a space-based alternative that serves areas carriers have no financial incentive to cover

In a nutshell: they're serving a market that has less money to spend using more expensive tech than the current industry leaders. Maybe I'm wrong but it doesn't scream "massive profit".

hattmall 5 hours ago | parent [-]

I think Airplanes are going to be pretty profitable. They are sort of running a market cornering operation there. But, there will be competition eventually. Starlink is way faster than the alternatives so most airlines have switched and Starlink has rapidly increased their prices for aviation. Idk if it's enough though, they are definitely running lots of promos for home customers.

dotancohen 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

  > I think Airplanes are going to be pretty profitable.
Anything at sea, too. Going on a cruise? The cruise ship can offer you Wifi backed by Starlink for another few bucks. Or even your cell provider could get you hooked right up to Starlink for some phones.

Container ships, military vessels, even fishing expeditions could enjoy an internet connection and cell service.

jaccola 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Amazon Leo just signed delta as a customer so competition is indeed close behind.

I think SpaceX is an incredible company but at this valuation I’d expect it to have something as pervasive as the iPhone or Nvidia chips. It seems to have only small niches.

laughing_man an hour ago | parent [-]

But you're just looking at internet.

SpaceX has the lion's share of the world's launch market, if you include Starlink.

https://x.com/FutureJurvetson/status/2038811249232732275

raw_anon_1111 4 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Delta’s ViaSat based Wireless is fine. The latency is hire. But it really isn’t a competitive disadvantage.

telotortium 4 hours ago | parent [-]

If Starlink becomes common enough on flights, I absolutely believe it will be a competitive disadvantage.

raw_anon_1111 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

I have been flying a lot post Covid between it being a hobby of ours and consulting - I’m currently Platinum Medallion on Delta.

Frequent flyers choose their airlines for a lot of reasons - which airline has the most direct flights from their city, who has the best frequent flyer program, etc. The latency of the Internet is seldom a factor or the difference between 10Mbps and 50Mbps.

Non frequent flyers just buy the cheapest flights. The major three airlines make money off of business travelers, business and first class flights and credit cards.

8note 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

would you choose a flight that's $200 more expensive because it has starlink?

telotortium an hour ago | parent | next [-]

If I’m flying for work and Starlink is that much better, quite possibly. My wife’s experience with other in-flight WiFi providers has been quite poor, often to the point that it barely works. Having said that, neither of us has been on a flight with Starlink yet.

wnc3141 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

No but the airline might choose starlink. I think a gogo business install is on the hundreds of thousands and annual costs in the tens of thousand for their Eutelesat based system.

koolba 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Maybe not $200, but $20-$50 for a cross country flight for sure.

kalleboo an hour ago | parent | next [-]

If a flight had in-flight Wi-Fi that cost $50 you'd pay for it? Most people I know balk at $10 even on an intercontinental flight

ghaff 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

I wouldn’t. I have literally never bought WiFi on a flight in the course of probably hundreds of flights. Good opportunity to unplug.

tim-- 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> Terrestrial cellular towers cost between $150k to $500k per tower

I'd be interested to find out exactly where this cost exists. I would expect the majority of the cost (especially in rural/mountainous areas) to be more with power and backhaul, rather than the physical radio gear. Because it's rural, you should be able to easily just use coverage bands (ie 850 MHz or 900 MHz) with relatively high transmission power. This would easily be able to cover 300 km2.

Because of the higher transmission power, and the fact that the tower would be in the middle of nowhere, wouldn't the OPEX be higher, with smaller numbers for CAPEX?

laughing_man an hour ago | parent [-]

A lot of the cost is regulatory. I used to work at a mobile provider, and it took months to get permission from all the various government agencies before we could actually start building. Even if the tower is in BFE, you still have to get all your plots to the FCC, you need EPA signoff for batteries and fuel tanks and such. Plus there's always state and local permits of various kinds. We had a custom workflow application just to track all of that and there were dozens of steps.

Cell towers aren't very expensive on an ongoing basis, but every few years you're rolling out the next big technology (we went from analog to 1x to 3g to LTE while I was there) and it's a headache.

panick21_ 8 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Well if you make the argument that it will replace terrestrial networks and that's why its worth X trillion $ then yes, you do actually need to cover the 1% of earth surface where the waste majority of people actually spend most of their time.

The question is not if its a good business, the question if its a 2 trillion $ business, and if you only cover the 95% of earth without coverage. That more like a couple 100 billion $ business at best.

tristanj 8 hours ago | parent [-]

I never said it would replace terrestrial networks... you invented that claim yourself and are responding to a strawman.

Starlink mobile is for rural areas, and the other 90% of the planet that's not well served by traditional terrestrial networks.

And 40% of earth's population live in rural areas, so there is a large market for this kind of service.

newguytony 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

In regions like Nigeria or the Philippines, Starlink costs over 100% of the average monthly income. The individual addressable rural market really is closer to 1% than 40%.

tristanj 4 hours ago | parent [-]

Starlink Mobile != Starlink

You're talking about the wrong product.

I am talking about Starlink mobile, their direct-to-cellphone mobile data offering, not Starlink internet...

thfuran 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

[dead]

pnw 8 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

5G Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) is already part of the 5G standard. It's not a replacement for terrestrial carriers, it's an expansion that enables devices to be always connected and select the appropriate terrestrial vs satellite connection transparently. ~75% of the land mass on Earth has no cell coverage, ~90% if you include the oceans. It's the same transition in theory that we had from landlines to cell towers.

panick21_ 8 hours ago | parent [-]

Great, but the overwhelming majority of money is made from the place people actually live. Those places are called cities. Only about a few % of earth are built on, and even among those the top 1% is where most people live.

Don't get me wrong, that fucking great business, but its not 'replacing terrestrial ISP' level great.

pnw 8 hours ago | parent [-]

They said the same thing about cell phones vs landlines back in the day. Based on Starlink's revenue doubling year on year, and a six fold increase since 2022, I don't think anyone really knows what the upper bounds for global access is yet. And traditional telcos are usually limited to a region whereas Starlink is global. Just the top 20 global telcos alone are almost $2 trillion in market cap and $1.35 trillion in revenue. Starlink has captured less than 1% of that revenue to date.

raw_anon_1111 4 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Absolutely no one said that.

laughing_man an hour ago | parent [-]

There were a lot of people back in the early '90s who thought cell service would never be widely adopted because of the cost. It was clear you didn't need a mobile phone -- we'd all gotten long just fine without one.

hattmall 5 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

>They said the same thing about cell phones vs landlines

Did they? I don't really remember that tbh.

pnw 25 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

McKinsey estimated the global market for cellphones would be 900,000 units in 2000.

They were off by 100 million.

Even until the 90s some telcos believed that cell usage would never eclipse landlines which would remain the base of their business. It sounds ridiculous today because cell numbers outnumber landlines almost ten to one and have been dominant for over two decades.

serf 4 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

my most altruistic view : they said it through actions.

Rural areas were the last areas to join the mobile networks.

This is just a practical thing though; why would you build a tower for a community of 900 people when there are still gaps in the major metropolitan areas? It can't all happen simultaneously regardless of how badly we wish it could.

9 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]
[deleted]
x0x0 8 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

It doesn't not seem like anything approaching a lucrative business.

TAM: How big is the market for high speed internet that can pay $1200+/year and isn't already well-served by comcast/at&t/etc? And of course, this is all with finite spectrum too. So you can't serve the major cities.

No doubt there exist buyers. But rural Montana doesn't have that many households. Add that 5 year replacement cycle and Musk's Trump alignment that has Europe building their own for security reasons.

ericd 7 hours ago | parent [-]

> well-served by comcast/at&t/etc

These are US telecoms, the satellites blanket the entire Earth at all times. Lower ARPU, but still. Also, it seems like they're swallowing a large percentage of flight/cruise/military internet. And direct-to-cell data coverage of the entire Earth.

keeda 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Their technical accomplishments are doubtlessly notable, but does the expected business growth justify this valuation? Honest question, how many things do we really need to send up there that reducing the cost to orbit by 100x will trigger Jevon's paradox and lead to 100x more launches?

I suppose "data centers in space" is the current answer but again, I'm suspicious about its feasibility.

Barring that, until we have another "killer app" besides Starlink, like a giant orbital space station or a moonbase, I'm curious whether there is enough demand.

marcus_holmes 4 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Personally, I think that valuing businesses by their expected growth is doing really bad things to our society.

We used to value businesses by their current returns, usually dividends paid to shareholders. And we treated any statements about their future plans as interesting but not something anyone should trust.

Now we value stocks on what their price will do in the near future, because the primary return to shareholders is an increase in share price, effectively speculation rather than dividends as the method of returning value to shareholders. So we're incentivising companies to be constantly pushing their share price up (rather than paying decent dividends), which does bad things to both the company and the economy as a whole.

It's not how the system was intended to work and we find ourselves on a treadmill of constant growth that is killing everything good.

hibikir 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Valuing anything by its expected, long term value is just accurate. You'd consider the longevity of, say, a garment when you purchase it. The fact that a car has a lot of miles in it, and therefore will need replacing earlier, is something that any reasonable person will consider with its valuation. We spend money educating children not because of the value of the knowledge that second, but the expected value in the future, including how it'll be useful to learn other things.

So of course we price businesses based on the expected long term value of the shares, as best as we can guess it. But the fact that a company degrades in value as it "overgrows", and engorges itself to become an entity that can't innovate or do anything efficiently in itself goes into the price too. It's not as if a place like IBM doens't want to grow: We just know they won't.

As for speculation rather than dividends, I suspect the real medium why this happens isn't just need for infinite growth: Again, as growth expectations slow down, price moderates: See Paypal vs Stripe. The issue is mroe of a principal-agent situation, as it's very difficult for the median shareholder to, say, force Zuck to stop spending money on the metaverse. And it's not just at the top level: We have a lot of incentives in organizations for people to push for more hires, even when there's very little value to be had. Anyone with a long career can see how much less tense a growing company is that one that has decided its headcount is stuck for a long time, or possibly shrinking.

Principal Agent problems are just much more annoying to put a blame on, because instead of being able to blame some exec all on their own, we get to look at ourselves too, and how what is good for us differs so much from what is good for employers too. The blame is spread thinly, and the behaviors that would lead to more efficient companies are also worse for workers. Then it's suddenly people easier to like, and we don't like where "try to be profitable at the most optimal size" takes us.

kanwisher 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Imagine valuing Google in early 2000s on its revenue and dividends. It would have nearly zero value, but if you bought then you knew it was going to be one of the biggest companies in the world.

Only boring stable companies that have no growth like Coca-Cola make sense only valuing without further growth.

marcus_holmes an hour ago | parent [-]

Agree, but Coca-Cola has plenty of value despite being "boring" and "stable".

The post I was replying to was saying that SpaceX had no growth and therefore little value. That's a mindset that sees companies as speculative assets that are only valuable if their price is set to change in a way that a speculative profit can be made.

SpaceX is making money and doing well, the business fundamentals are working out, and it is valuable because of that. If it turns into a boring, stable, company then that's a good thing - it's less likely to spend $10B of shareholder funds chasing some sci-fi pipe dream (instead of, say, spending $1B testing its assumptions first) in the hope of continuing to be valued as a "high-growth" stock.

laughing_man 42 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Starlink seems like a no-brainer at this late date, but I remember thinking "He'll never be able to make money from internet satellites. This has to be some kind of scam. Look what happened to Irridium."

Data centers in orbit certainly seem like a pipe dream, but SpaceX certainly has the technology it needs to put them there, and that's a huge competitive advantage (like it was for Starlink) if they do turn out to be feasible.

WalterBright an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

For many decades, the only way the commercial aviation business survived was carrying the mail.

RealityVoid 9 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

It has technical merit and it is impressive. But I doubt it's worth that much. I guess Musk has the talent of pushing and getting what he wants, so I guess we'll see how it plays out. I'm just afraid for the future is SpaceX in these crazy crazy times.

jppope 6 hours ago | parent [-]

thats the game though. Elon is selling a "slice of the future" and everyone starts having FOMO... the result is a P/E ratio of 300 or whatever crazy number. We will all agree that the company isn't worth that, but theres a bunch of people happy to buy meme stocks that will make a ton of money without the slightest idea of how to value stocks. Botton line an asset is worth what people are willing to pay for it.

mbix77 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

All your comments are about Elon Musk. Weird.

panick21_ 8 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Sure, but factor of 10 cheaper in a market that is tiny still isn't that much. Even if you assume a 10x market size increase, its still tiny.

> They also have the most advanced internet infrastructure in the world and are poised to replace legacy ISPs and even mobile carriers in the coming decade.

That's quite the claim. I believe Starlink is a great business, the largest sat business for a long while to come (unlike space datacenter) but even if you are, very, very bullish on it, its not enough to justify the price.

You basically need to believe that:

- Launch market to 10x and grow faster then it ever has for decades

- Starlink goes from already being amazing systematically crushing terrestrial competition.

- xAi wins the AI race (this is almost absurdly optimistic)

- AI data-center becoming a insanely thing (also absurdly optimistic)

And even then this is hard to justify. And I certaintly don't believe 3. or 4. And 1 is a stretch. And while I believe in Starlink continued growth, terrestrial infrastructure still has lots of advantages for cities, where most people actually live.

themafia 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

The difference between an Arianne and SpaceX launch is 10%, not 10x.

fontain 8 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

[dead]

7e 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

[flagged]

kQq9oHeAz6wLLS 3 hours ago | parent [-]

Good Lord, another Elon hater. How can we get rid of these wankers and their propaganda on HN?