I did not read the paper yet, but the article says that KVT doubled in 20 years for both highways (which did not add new lanes) and urban roadways (which did). So we see KVT double regardless of lane expansion.

To me this says that lane expansion is not the driver of KVT (at at least not the primary one).

Ah, I see. The key question the authors look at is what is the impact of adding a lane to VKT - this they found one-for-one growth. They control for many other factors that may have led to the growth over the observed time period (population being the big control).

The broad question is what would reduce congestion - currently, on the margin, adding a lane will not reduce it. I imagine that hypothetically adding many lanes may reduce congestion, although there may be city driven bottlenecks that don't make this feasible at all.

And also - thanks for the comments and questions!