On a related note, this is becoming a more common issue worldwide. Almost every country, even developing ones, are experiencing below replenishment birthrates. Only a few countries are spared in Central Africa, though not sure how long that will last.

https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/series/anal...

https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v66n4/v66n4p37.html

https://www.newsweek.com/americas-population-time-bomb-18987...

IVF is also no longer something that's only for older women. Younger couples from both sexes are starting to need it.

https://tulipivf.com/news/detail/397

https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/4727738-people-need-i...

You don't mention the outlier - Israel stands out in the OECD fertility rate race - 2.89 in 2023 (if I'm reading https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/fertility-rates.html correctly) while the next highest is France at 1.91.

A click-bait article I read mentioned that Israel's culture is more child-rearing friendly than others, like the United States, where kid-friendly gathering places are not encouraged.

the article at https://www.taubcenter.org.il/en/research/why-are-there-so-m... mentions several possible reasons for the increased fertility, at least compared to OECD countries - Israel's birth rate is similar to its neighbours, Egypt and Syria, according to the article.