Is there a way to filter out such books when you browse Amazon? They should at least tell you it's an "on-demand" printed book before you order?

Why not just go to a better online seller? One of the books mentioned:

https://bookshop.org/p/books/the-problems-of-philosophy-warb...

I haven't found one, like I mention in the article; I'll edit it if someone proves me wrong.

I'm starting to get a feel for a pattern - the books tend to be more expensive, and also take longer on average to deliver (a few weeks, instead of a few days). The latter would be normal for rare editions and some third-party sellers, but if I'm ordering a popular book and it takes longer than usual to deliver I can kinda smell the dead rat. But the only way to know for sure is to open the box in disappointment.

i don’t know of a way. but even if you can, it will almost certainly be done away with.

i’m so jaded im sure it would end up like trying to filter out shorts on youtube. click the “show me less of this” only for it to show you more.

Not only am I sure there isn't one, I'm sure there will never be one. That might reduce profits for Amazon slightly.

Not that I can tell. It’s probably an intentional choice, just like how they don’t let you filter by country of origin.