Simon Peyton Jones's "The implementation of functional programming languages" has a chapter on the "Efficient compilation of pattern matching" (chapter 5 by Philip Wadler).

https://simon.peytonjones.org/assets/pdfs/slpj-book-1987-2up...

Also Xavier Leroy's ZINC paper (https://xavierleroy.org/bibrefs/Leroy-ZINC.html) although I believe that's no longer the implementation used by OCaml since it got replaced by an even more efficient one.