Maybe a partial solution would be to duplicate pointer data, compare pointers at every deference and panics if it doesn't match up. In essence a poor man's version of ECC. It's a considerable runtime overhead, but it might be possible to hide it behind a flag, only to be turned on to reproduce bugs. Also, anti-cheat measures already do something similar.

Certain data is more sensitive as well and requires extra protection. Pointers and indexes obviously, which might send the whole application on a wild goose chase around memory. But also machine code, especially JIT-generated traces, is worth to be checksummed and verified before executing it.