ECC is standard at this point (current RAM flips so many bits it's basically mandatory). Also, most CPUs have "machine checks" that are supposed to detect incorrect computations + alert the OS.

However, there are still gaps. For one thing, the OS has to be configured to listen for + act on machine check exceptions.

On the hardware level, there's an optional spec to checksum the link between the CPU and the memory. Since it's optional, many consumer machines do not implement it, so then they flip bits not in RAM, but on the lines between the RAM and the CPU.

It's frustrating that they didn't mandate error detection / correction there, but I guess the industry runs on price discrimination, so most people can't have nice things.