We are talking about banking and pseudo-banking apps with the following typical features:

* A wallet for QR-code based payments backed by a national standard for their content and by the money in your bank account;

* A software implementation of an NFC-enabled credit or debit card, or sometimes with a magnetic strip emulation in addition to that;

* An interface to transfer money to other bank accounts in the same country or abroad, or to convert between local and foreign currency if you have a foreign currency bank account;

* A way to pay common utility bills - in some cases, by scanning the QR code on the bill;

* A way to manage banking and investment accounts - e.g., if you want an extra savings account in Japanese yen with a new debit card attached to it, tap a few times and it's there;

* A chat with bank representatives - for example, to provide supporting documents by photographing them, without ever visiting the bank;

* A second factor (as in 2FA) to approve money transfers initiated from the desktop web browser, meeting the bank standards where TOTP can't meet them (e.g., due to the legal requirement to say what transaction the code is for).

The real problem is that many banks are deprecating their browser-based interfaces and are turning app-only.

> The real problem is that many banks are deprecating their browser-based interfaces and are turning app-only.

What bank does that? If my bank did that, I would find a new bank immediately. That is not OK.