To name a few components:

- Older chip (and with fewer thermal constraints)

- Only one camera (and much cheaper)

- Less RAM than 17pro and Air

- No cell modem, FaceID, ProMotion, MagSafe, etc.

Much bigger screen, keyboard, big battery, lots of copper and aluminum, extra USB port, touchpad, a charger.

Those are really basic parts that are really cheap to make with current tech at least.

	▲	cromka an hour ago \| parent [-]
		Which of the parts you mentioned are by definition more expensive? A modem? FaceID is 10 y/o now btw. You're just speculating and selling this as facts. Meanwhile actual material like aluminum, copper, lithium and others are genuinely expensive and the difference in weight of the precious metals and alloys used is obvious.