This means India's judiciary is operationally stunted because of low capacity relative to demand, which is a ridiculously urgent and critical flaw that should have simply not occurred in the first place. Why on earth are they not increasing capacity and headcount?

Many reasons, viz; Slow Recruitments/Appointments, Executive/Judiciary tussle, Insufficient infrastructure, Budget Constraints etc.

The process to qualify as a Judge is long drawn and difficult while one can easily become a Lawyer and make more money for a fraction of the effort. Apparently there are only 22 judges per million people! - https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indian-judicial-system-strug...

This is why AI adoption is very important for the Indian Judiciary. There are a number of good startups in this area which will hopefully alleviate this problem in the near future, eg; Adalat AI - https://www.adalat.ai/

Major Challenges Faced by the Indian Judiciary - https://www.lloydlawcollege.edu.in/blog/challenges-faced-ind...

Understanding vacancies in the Indian judiciary - https://prsindia.org/theprsblog/understanding-vacancies-in-t...

PS: Have first-hand knowledge of the above since i have a ongoing civil case in the lower courts. I attend all court dates just to make sure my lawyer does his job and always check the status of my case online. The judge has only a few minutes for cases in the initial stage (the lawyers almost always seek and are granted an adjournment of a month) and only spends time on cases in the later evidence/cross-examination stages. He dictates/writes his notes to a person who types it into a computer which is then uploaded to the official website at end-of-the-day.