In other engineering fields, no one calculates the numbers for building a plane or a dam by hand anymore. They rely heavily on software for design, simulations, etc. throughout the entire development cycle. Yet, starting in university, those engineers still learn to do those calculations by hand so they comprehend the underlying principles.

IMO, that’s what we should do as software engineers. The idea of letting AI "do the thinking" for you is a bad idea. Sure, it can trivially write a sort function for you. Let it! But you still need to understand how that sort function works. If having the tool was a substitute for understanding the fundamentals, anyone with access to Catia, etc. could design a working airplane.