You have to ask yourself, why does America beg Apple to onshore in the first place? Why is Apple offshoring things that can be done in the US?

It doesn't matter how many manufacturing experts America trains anymore. We lost this race; China has globally-competitive manufacturing, and the US doesn't. Apple doesn't want to willingly pay for American labor today, and a decade of manufacturing graduates will probably only ease the blow when big corps are forced to onshore again.

That sounds like quitter talk to me. There’s nothing China produces that America or Europe can’t figure out. There’s also nothing stopping them from doing it affordably (labour is only one small piece of the puzzle, but still one that is never static).

The main limitation is our own commitment to developing industry and keeping costs low. If nobody wants to sacrifice on how money is spent and rulemaking then yes China will remain dominant and all America can offer is high paid office jobs and costly protectionism. But the west has shown they won’t even solve basic economic issues like housing costs through supporting development, so I’m also a bit skeptical they will ever compete on anything on the open market besides high paid office jobs.