Parameterized queries have been a thing for decades, which mitigate SQL injection attacks.[1] This is true of the examples in the post too, they used this:

  query = """
            SELECT * from tasks
            WHERE id = $1
            AND state = $2
            FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED
        """
  rec = await self.db.fetchone(query=query, args=[task_id, TaskState.PENDING], connection=connection)