Melatonin pills seem to have extremely bad quality control:
"Melatonin content varied from an egregious −83% to +478% of labeled melatonin and 70% had melatonin concentration ≤ 10% of what was claimed. Worse yet, the content of melatonin between lots of the same product varied by as much as 465%.
[...]
The last disturbing finding was more than a quarter of melatonin products contained serotonin, some at potentially significant doses."
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5263069/
"In products that contained melatonin, the actual quantity of melatonin ranged from 74% to 347% of the labeled quantity. Twenty-two of 25 products (88%) were inaccurately labeled, and only 3 products (12%) contained a quantity of melatonin that was within ±10% of the declared quantity. [...] Serotonin was not detected in any product."
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2804077
"Half of the products tested met the label’s claim for melatonin, which means they fell between 76 and 126 percent of the claimed amount. Of the products tested, 20 had between 0 and 76 percent of the labeled content, and 35 had between 126 and 667 percent."
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2025/06/25/melatonin...