As with everything, both parties are to blame, but responsibility scales with power. Should we punish people who carelessly set bots up which end up doing damage? Of course. Don't let that distract from the major parties at fault though. They will try to deflect all blame onto their users. They will make meaningless pledges to improve "safety".

How do we hold AI companies responsible? Probably lawsuits. As of now, I estimate that most courts would not buy their excuses. Of course, their punishments would just be fines they can afford to pay and continue operating as before, if history is anything to go by.

I have no idea how to actually stop the harm. I don't even know what I want to see happen, ultimately, with these tools. People will use them irresponsibly, constantly, if they exist. Totally banning public access to a technology sounds terrible, though.

I'm firmly of the stance that a computer is an extension of its user, a part of their mind, in essence. As such I don't support any laws regarding what sort of software you're allowed to run.

Services are another thing entirely, though. I guess an acceptable solution, for now at least, would be barring AI companies from offering services that can easily be misused? If they want to package their models into tools they sell access to, that's fine, but open-ended endpoints clearly lend themselves to unacceptable levels of abuse, and a safety watchdog isn't going to fix that.

This compromise falls apart once local models are powerful enough to be dangerous, though.