Turing machines aren't quantum mechanical, and computation is based on logic. This discussion is philosophical, so I guess it's philosophy all the way down.

Quantum computers don't provide access to novel problems, they provide access to novel solutions.

You can use a classic transistor turing machine to solve quantum problems, it's just gonna take way longer.

Giving a Turing machine access to a quantum RNG oracle is a trivial extension that doesn't meaningfully change anything. If quantum woo is necessary to make consciousness work (there is no empirical evidence for this, BTW), such can be built into computers.