GCC is, I imagine, several orders of magnitude mor deterministic than an LLM.
It’s not _more_ deterministic. It’s deterministic, period. The LLMs we use today are simply not.
Build systems may be deterministic in the narrow sense you use, but significant extra effort is required to make them reproducible.
Engineering in the broader sense often deals with managing the outputs of variable systems to get known good outcomes to acceptable tolerances.
Edit: added second paragraph