This document being from 2010 is, of course, missing the C11/C++11 atomics that replaced the need for compiler intrinsics or non portable inline asm when "operating on virtual memory".

With that said, at least for C and C++, the behavior of (std::)atomic when dealing with interprocess interactions is slightly outside the scope of the standard, but in practice (and at least recommended by the C++ standard) (atomic_)is_lock_free() atomics are generally usable between processes.

That's right, atomic operations work just fine for memory shared between processes. I have worked on a commercial product that used this everywhere.