What are the alternative steps that we can take in Android? How to check if it is happening?

I don't believe there is a way to intentionally break this system, nor to detect with 100% certainty that it's happening.

You'd need to run an open source baseband modem with settings and logs in all the right places. I don't think those exist.

Someone might be able to exploit the Linux kernel running on Qualcomm modems and build a tool for rooted Android phones after reverse engineering the baseband, but I imagine a lot of copyright lawyers and probably law enforcement people will send you very scary letters if you document remote location tracking features like these.

Also, if you have any 4G or 5G modem, your carrier already has a pretty good idea where you are. They probably log your location too. The advanced precision and timing information necessary for high speed cellular broadband is enough to get a decent location log. That also includes other connected devices such as cars, of course.

You can probably trivially shield the GPS with an aluminium foil sticker once you know where the antenna is. The GPS sgnal is very weak.