I have found that a hybrid viewport screenshot + textual 'semantic snapshot' approach leads to the best outcomes, though sometimes text-only can be fine if the underlying page is not made of a complete mess of frameworks that would otherwise confuse normal click handlers, etc.

I think using a logical diff to do pass/fail checking is clever, though I wonder if there are failure modes there that may confuse things, such as verifying highly dynamic webpages that change their content even without active user interactions.

Totally agree - hybrid approaches can work well, especially on messy pages. We’ve seen the same tradeoff.

On the verification side though, dynamic pages are exactly the reason why we scope assertions narrowly (specific predicates, bounded retries using eventually() function) instead of diffing the whole page. If the expected condition can’t be proven within that window, we fail fast rather than guessing.