I was going to comment the same. I saw the huge difference and went "wow", then read that it was a 2x improvement and had to check the axes properly, thinking "slightly less wow". It reminds me of that barchart of women's average heights in different countries that starts at 5 feet https://preview.redd.it/dohqa8l94kb41.png?auto=webp&s=865180...

Looks like the author fixed the graph!

Totally agree. Cool little project, but I cannot think of one use case where this is needed.

> But "fine" starts to feel slow when you need dense time resolution. Generating a month of ephemeris data at one-second intervals is 2.6 million propagations per satellite.

Ok, except SGP4 loses its accuracy over WAY shorter time frames than a month (think hours/days)

> Pass prediction over a ground station network might need sub-second precision across weeks.

a) sub-second ephemeris for antenna pointing is crazy overkill, and b) same comment about accuracy as above.

At risk of being called out for my ignorance (I am still new to GPU development and have only limited experience with CUDA), it seems to come down to how appropriate the execution model is to the work e.g. SIMT vs SIMD here.

These days a single machine with lots of ram and cores will handle almost everything you throw at it, barring specific compute intensive / memory bound scenarios ( current AI, gaming etc ).

> If you calculate both, wouldn't it be even faster to just always do the complex calculation? (presumably that's more precise?)

The naming does imply that, but maybe they are simple vs complex, but also they're calculating different things? Seems like a stretch though.

Also the paragraph covering that part doesn't make much sense to me:

> This felt wasteful at first. Why compute both paths? But modern CPUs are so fast at arithmetic that computing both and selecting is often faster than branch misprediction. Plus, for SGP4, most satellites take the same path anyway, so we're rarely doing truly "wasted" work.

I'm always skeptical of claims about branch misprediction penalties without actual benchmarking (branch prediction is often very good!), and it also seems potentially undermined by the next sentence that "most satellites take the same path anyway", ie easily predictable.

But I don't understand at all what it means that because most satellites take the same path, the SIMD code is rarely doing wasted work, since the masking seems to be wasting part of the work by construction? (you could maybe handwave at pipelining or speculative execution making it irrelevant or wasted regardless, but no sign of those arguments).

The library seems good and always extremely nice when people produce write ups like this, but it might just be they're out over their skis when it comes to what was actually important about their optimizations.

I wonder if there is more fp drift from extra math that makes it LESS accurate in the case where the simple equation suffices? I'm impressed that satellites even have eccentricities so close to 1.0 that this makes sense, but I guess from, generically, an orbital planning perspective this make sense.