Remix.run Logo
Level S4 solar radiation event(swpc.noaa.gov)
296 points by WorldPeas 8 hours ago | 109 comments

https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/goes-proton-flux

jjcm 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

If anyone is interested in what "G4" means in context, here's the scale: https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation

Helmut10001 20 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

Interestingly, there are about 100 events of this severity (G4) per cycle, and a single cycle lasts 11 years. This means there are about nine G4 events on average per year.

8bitsrule 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

G4: " Induced pipeline currents affect preventive measures, HF radio propagation sporadic..."

G5: " Pipeline currents can reach hundreds of amps, HF (high frequency) radio propagation may be impossible in many areas for one to two days..."

gexla 3 hours ago | parent | next [-]

"Cool! What's G13 do?" - Bill Hicks

Looks like G5 is the highest level and the scale system is used by NOAA.

gosub100 2 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

"Free Energy!"

irthomasthomas 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

We are at kp 8.67. The Carrington event was a kp 9

ianruh 4 hours ago | parent | next [-]

I am not an expert, but it’s worth noting that the kp index has a maximum value of 9. So though the Carrington event had a kp of 9, its intensity on the related (but not capped) HP30/HP60 scale [1] would likely have been higher. [1] https://kp.gfz.de/en/hp30-hp60

repeekad 3 hours ago | parent [-]

Queue Chernobyl documentary clip measuring the radiation as low because that’s as high the meter went

wyldfire 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

s/queue/cue/

Though I suppose you could also queue it.

celsoazevedo 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

3.6 roentgen. Not great, not terrible!

qingcharles an hour ago | parent [-]

*skin sloughs off*

keepamovin an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

This is also related to weaker solar events leading to stronger Earth storms due to Earth's weakening magnetic field.

echelon 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Have we been having these more recently?

I don't ever recall seeing these in the news so frequently. It feels like there are several a year now. A decade ago, never.

And I also never remember seeing Aurora at my latitudes.

Do we just have better sensing now, or is there some cycle on a period longer than a few years? Or maybe I'm crazy and just never noticed.

0manrho 11 minutes ago | parent | next [-]

Mid to late 2025 was the peak of an 11 year solar cycle (25th one since we've started keeping track). We're on the trailing end of that peak activity now, which is why the past year/several months has seemed so active compared to recent years past, and should decrease significantly (in frequency and intensity) as 2026 progresses.

There was also a fairly significant geomagnetic storm back in November of 2025 as well.

You can see the data here at NOAA's Space Weather site https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/solar-cycle-progression

awesome_dude 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

We've just passed the 11 year peak - the sun spot activity has a period of around 11 years.

non- 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> Biological: Unavoidable radiation hazard to astronauts on EVA; passengers and crew in high-flying aircraft at high latitudes may be exposed to radiation risk.

Anyone have a sense of magnitude for this advisory? How much more radiation should an airline passenger expect to receive during a G4 event than normal?

inatreecrown2 3 hours ago | parent [-]

roughly up to 5-10 times the normal dose.

xeckr 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Looks like we get these for about 60 days for periods lasting 11 years.

neonmagenta 4 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

so more of a 'bad storm here and there' level?

bartman 6 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

We had intense aurora in Berlin, Germany. Green clouds dancing in the sky levels. Started around 22:10 local time or a bit earlier, and at this point there's only a faint red/green glow remaining.

rob74 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Yeah, there were auroras even as far south as Munich. Maybe not as intense, but it's the first aurora I ever saw, so I can't really judge...

ccozan 4 hours ago | parent [-]

I am south-west of Munich and with a perfect clear sky I could only see stars, one meteor, and that's it.

fluxflexer 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Just spend an hour outsite (Northern Germany, 01:00 MET). Unfortunately nothing to report, neither visual nor on camera. Maybe I just went to late and missed the show. I hope you habe more luck in Canada and the US!

jacquesm 4 hours ago | parent [-]

It's pretty subtle right now here in NL but I can still see it with the naked eye. Mostly greenish haze that fades in and out.

CalRobert 13 minutes ago | parent [-]

ahh I just went outside (south of Utrecht) and saw nothing. Maybe too much light pollution.

karim79 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I was just out at a dog park and saw nothing! We have clear skies. I can't believe I missed this.

TacticalCoder an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I tought I was seeing aurora borealis here at 4 am local time in the neighboring Grand Duchy of Luxemburg but it was just visual pollution due to lights from a city.

Tachyooon 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Could you see it from the inner city or only closer to the edges?

bartman 4 hours ago | parent [-]

Friends who live in Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain could see it pretty well. I'm a bit further south within Berlin where skies are minimally darker, but between 10pm and 11pm it was so bright that light pollution didn't matter.

Funnily enough, despite having lots of alerts set up it was my mom who texted me from northern Brandenburg as she spotted it after getting an alert from RegenRadar, of all apps...

Tachyooon 2 hours ago | parent [-]

It's amazing to hear it's visible in such a big city. I don't have a good intuition for all the metrics that describe how strong this storm was/is, but when put like this it hits home.

Nice to hear earth weather apps also work great in space haha. I'll keep that in mind when I set up my own notifications. Hopefully I have time to look into it before the next storm hits.

paulmist 5 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Also seen in the Netherlands!

miduil 6 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Nice, you can already see some solar flares in Austria again.

https://www.foto-webcam.eu/webcam/kleinfleisskees/

https://www.foto-webcam.eu/

qwertox 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Oh wow! https://www.foto-webcam.eu/webcam/ederplan/2026/01/20/0000

And up at the top right, left to "Latest" you can skip the time back and forth at 10 minute intervals. And then jump back like 10 images, what a beauty.

You can even see Starlink satellites https://www.foto-webcam.eu/webcam/ederplan/2026/01/19/1820

irjustin 4 hours ago | parent [-]

Possibly the most brilliant are around:

- https://www.foto-webcam.eu/webcam/ederplan/2026/01/19/2230

- https://www.foto-webcam.eu/webcam/ederplan/2026/01/19/2240

Incredible, thanks so much!

caseyohara 5 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Those images around 19:00 are amazing. Thanks for sharing.

andrewinardeer 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Any tips on best practices in how one can protect homelab rigs from a Carrington level event? Let's say we were given two days notice that the mother of all S4s was inbound. Just switch everything off?

What if one of my homelabs needed 100% uptime to meet my wife's SLA for messaging? Is this able to be protected?

amluto 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Not much? As I understand it, the major effects are in very long wires. Long wires can have get massive induced currents. But your homelab is unlikely to have long wires or very large loops. Ethernet wires are limited to 100m, and unshielded Ethernet is transformer-isolated to well over 1kV.

Shielded Ethernet could plausibly have issues with induced current on the shield. PoE might be less immune than ordinary Ethernet depending on what you’re doing with it, although well-behaved devices should be isolated. If you have a cable ISP, the cable shield might get toasty, although it’s likely to be grounded close enough to your house that any damage will be upstream.

Your 100% uptime will be tricky if your ISP goes down or you lose power.

idatum 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Discontinue use of your telegraph system.

Perhaps though you will still be able to continue to send and receive messages despite having disconnected your power supply. [1]

[1] https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x001679510&seq=40...

rootusrootus 2 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

AFAIK the risk is for long transmission lines. So your equipment at home is not really in any danger, as long as there is not a major surge on the transmission lines that makes it all the way to your house. If that happens, well, losing the home lab is probably no longer the issue.

tbrownaw an hour ago | parent | prev [-]

Make sure you have a surge protector or ups, in case it makes the power grid go funky. Which you should have anyway.

Also, it could be a convenient excuse to upgrade to fiber internet service if you haven't already. (Yes, excuse. Equipment should have more than good enough isolation to not care.)

frzen 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I had the most intensely coloured lights visible in the west of Ireland. I've seen them a few times before but never like this. Phones were capturing them in video not just long exposures.

Not sure what the best service is to be alerted ahead of time. Apparently it'll be strong here again at 6am according to some of the apps some random people were waving around.

ortusdux 5 hours ago | parent [-]

There are several apps that do a good job of alerting users. I use "Aurora Pro", which I prefer because it checks cloud cover and lets you set alert thresholds based on viewing probability.

King-Aaron 4 hours ago | parent [-]

I woke up to a notification from aurora pro today, I'd forgotten I had the app. This would explain it

Animats 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

PJM had some geomagnetic disturbance warnings, but did not progress to the alert stage or grid re-configuation actions. So, no US power grid problems.

    104955 Warning Geomagnetic Disturbance Warning 01.19.2026 14:30 
    PJM-RTO
    A Geomagnetic Disturbance Warning has been issued for
    14:30 on 01.19.2026 through 16:00 on 01.19.2026 .
    A GMD warning of K8 or greater is in effect for this period. 
    End time: 01.19.2026 16:00 
(All times are prevailing Eastern US time)

I've posted on this before, for other warnings. Not going to repeat that.

cbdevidal 4 hours ago | parent [-]

Thank you, that's a really handy resource. Shared with my prepper friends.

https://emergencyprocedures.pjm.com/ep/pages/dashboard.jsf

rediguanayum 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Moon should be good too to see Aurora tonight: waxing crescent 1% https://www.moongiant.com/phase/today/

bashtoni 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Australian Bureau of Meteorology advisory for visible aurora: https://www.sws.bom.gov.au/Aurora

jp0d 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Are there any resources to track Aurora sightings or predicted sightings?

lakid 2 hours ago | parent | next [-]

https://aurora-alerts.uk/ Ignore the UK TLD, this tracks global sightings

stubish 5 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

At the bottom right of that page is a subscribe link, with a number of different alerts and lists to subscribe to.

aussieguy1234 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Worth noting that Kp, which many talk about in discussions online, is more or less useless for anyone in Australia or the southern hemisphere. Lots of beginner Aurora chasers here get tripped up by that.

What is useful is KAus and the G index, KAus is shown on this page, so thats what i'll be tracking.

hahahahhaah 5 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Is that tonight or last night?

bashtoni 4 hours ago | parent [-]

It was only issued this morning Australian time, so I presume it's for tonight.

drmpeg 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Although everyone is interested in visible aurora, the proton flux is also really impressive. It peaked at 37,000 pfu at 1910Z. The highest ever recorded was 43,500 pfu in March 1991.

AnishLaddha 27 minutes ago | parent | prev | next [-]

fascinating, hope our critical infrastructure can handle this. how long does something like this last, and will it have an effect on artemis 2?

hypothetical: if a carrington event-esque storm happens during the mission, how badly will the houston <-> orion module communication links be affected?

WhitneyLand 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

How rare is this?

G4 storms are ~100 per solar cycle (~11 years).

So roughly 9 G4 events/year on average.

tbrownaw an hour ago | parent | next [-]

But they should mostly be in the same part of the cycle rather than spread evenly.

It probably wouldn't make sense to calculate "average snow days per month" across an entire calendar year (in most places...), this is the same thing.

burnt-resistor 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Like 20-25 years rare according to some space weather youtuber.

lgats 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

https://www.ieso.ca/Sector-Participants/RSS-Feeds/Day-0-Advi...

https://www.misoenergy.org/markets-and-operations/notificati...

https://www.ercot.com/services/comm/mkt_notices/notices

https://emergencyprocedures.pjm.com/ep/pages/dashboard.jsf

dschuessler 6 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

This page looks like an accessibility nightmare. The entire warning text is an image. There is no transcription present for screen reader users. I did not expect this from a government website.

delusional 6 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Looking at the aspect ratio (and working in a bank) it's worse than that. That's a powerpoint slide.

cwillu 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/communities/aurora-dashboard-exper... is better

delfinom 5 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Not like someone with poor vision is going to be able to see the aurora borealis that results

/s

nbf_1995 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Title says "S4" solar radiation event, but the linked page says "G4" geomagnetic storm

Kunsang 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Discussion of the event https://community.spaceweatherlive.com/topic/4210-x19-cme/

neogodless 2 hours ago | parent [-]

This is definitely not a language I speak!

Flux and bZ!

ComputerGuru 6 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Do you need long exposure to make it visible with a camera? How does that work in the presence of light pollution?

thebruce87m 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Tonight I could see the colours without the camera but it definitely stands out more with the long exposure of the camera.

Even with lights in the direct line of the shot you you can get good results - presumably the phone is doing HDR to achieve this.

Macha 5 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Local light pollution normally makes it hard to see with anything short of long exposure, but today it was naked eye visible and regular photos also captured it.

JoeDaDude 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

There is a video update from the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. (I could only find this on Facebook) https://www.facebook.com/reel/1190509063198524

PlatoIsADisease 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Years ago I was concerned about this and made a plan with my wife for what to do if she was at work.

But now we have a bunch of kids in different schools and haven't updated our plan.

Does anyone have a plan for what happens if we have a really bad event?

hnuser123456 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

A really bad event would be that long-distance transmission lines act like antennas and pick up millions of volts and blow up all the transformers.

I don't know how much you can plan for that other than "if it happens, try to get home", and then all the usual prepper stuff.

myself248 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Pray for clear skies and go out and watch the beautiful aurora, silly!

Depending on the kids' ages, you can teach them quite a lot about the Earth's magnetic field and why the aurora concentrates at the poles, how the high-energy particles light up the sky (it's a lot like a neon light), and how the atmosphere shields us from any danger despite the spectacular show.

rootusrootus 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

For a really bad event that managed to blow a lot of transformers (presumably due to grid operators not seeing it coming) ... well, take up farming.

Tepix 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Buy a bit of extra food and water.

y1n0 5 hours ago | parent [-]

And toilet paper! Rolls and rolls of toilet paper!

swader999 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

First rule of fight club...

fuzzer371 5 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

Keep a couple days water and food on hand, go up to the pub, have a pint, and wait for this all to blow over.

JoshTriplett 5 hours ago | parent [-]

With how much modern cars rely on electronics, I would not try to drive during such an event.

whyleyc 4 hours ago | parent | next [-]

It’s ok - The Winchester is within walking distance.

jrgd 3 hours ago | parent [-]

Omg i watched this yesterday!

lxgr 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Solar flares are only dangerous to very long conductors.

luxuryballs 4 hours ago | parent [-]

so cancel the limo?

throwaway81523 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

That's a safety feature. It prevents you from drinking and driving if you go to a pub during a solar flare. :)

jrgd 3 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

No one would drive to the pub anyway. Better walking back home…

JoshTriplett 3 hours ago | parent [-]

Valid. I think I have such an ingrained different set of assumptions (a pub being just another kind of place for food, and "going to" anything involving a form of transportation) that that didn't even occur to me.

aliljet 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I wonder if we're going to see an aurora over Seattle tonight?

_blk an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Nice. And it's somewhat relieving to read this over a Starlink connection.

tigerlily 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Hopefully it's clear space weather for Artemis II coming up. I wonder what they do if it's inclement en route?

perihelions 4 hours ago | parent [-]

There's not that much they can do. It's often discussed that if the extreme August 1972 solar storm had overlapped with an Apollo mission (it didn't), it would have acutely sickened the astronauts.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_1972_solar_storms#Human...

> "Had a mission been taking place during August, those inside the Apollo command module would have been shielded from 90% of the incoming radiation. However, this reduced dose could still have caused acute radiation sickness if the astronauts were located outside the protective magnetic field of Earth, which was the case for much of a lunar mission. An astronaut engaged in EVA in orbit or on a moonwalk could have experienced severe radiation poisoning, or even absorbed a potentially lethal dose."

The Orion capsule's contingency plan looks something like this:

> "To protect themselves, astronauts will position themselves in the central part of the crew module largely reserved for storing items they’ll need during flight and create a shelter using the stowage bags on board. The method protects the crew by increasing mass directly surrounding them, and therefore making a denser environment that solar particles would have to travel through, while not adding mass to the crew module itself."

https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/orion/scientists-and-e...

_carbyau_ 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Weirdly, while the site in question is "blaring klaxons!" there are more "cool night lights!" posts than concern.

zamadatix 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Unless you're in space, a large scale electrical operator, or relying on HF radio there isn't much reason to be interested other than the lights for a G4 (what this is currently classed as).

pvab3 2 hours ago | parent [-]

my Telecaster sure was noisy this morning but I didn't think much of it

rzzzt 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Blaring Klaxons! https://youtu.be/LX2KX0OaofI

guerrilla 5 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

> while the site in question is "blaring klaxons!"

No, it isn't. It clearly says everything is under control but it would be good to keep an eye on it.

aussieguy1234 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I'll be going out tonight if this continues into Australian night time hours.

At this strength, I could see the full display including colors with my naked eye in Melbourne, May 11th 2024. This storm is slightly stronger than that event.

uticus 7 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Possible aurora visible through central US tonight

zahlman 6 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

It seems that the peak was several hours ago, and I haven't observed any effects from it...

guerrilla 5 hours ago | parent [-]

The peak was originally supposed to be 6-7 hours from now... it's still showing KP 8 here though, so I'm not sure what's going on. It could get more intense.

ferguess_k 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Darn Montreal is still too south. Wish I were in Winnipeg.

tramtrist 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

We never get aurora in Japan :(

pilaf 41 minutes ago | parent [-]

Hokkaido got some back in November: https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/16155623

cbeach 5 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Probably a stupid question, but should I unplug my EV? (UK)

qayxc 4 hours ago | parent | next [-]

No need. Wrong type of solar event. You might be able to see auroras, though. I saw some a couple of hours ago.

_blk an hour ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Yes! Absolutely, but only if you want to drive it.

jacquesm 4 hours ago | parent | prev [-]

No.

anon115 3 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

any effects on the human body??

burnt-resistor 4 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Up to G-5 possibly. Cell phone visible in dark areas throughout most of CONUS.

It was mentioned that air travel ionizing radiation exposure increases during geomagnetic storms. I'd consider pausing travel for a couple of days to not be a guinea pig because there's not enough data to consider it safe. If anyone absolutely must fly tonight, it'd be interesting if they were to take a high sensitivity dosimeter to see what happens.

sparin9 25 minutes ago | parent | prev [-]

TL;DR: A severe (G4-level) geomagnetic storm hit Earth on January 19, 2026 due to a solar coronal mass ejection. It can disrupt power grids, GPS, satellite systems, and radio communications, while creating visible aurora displays at higher latitudes.