Don't know about COBOL, but FORTRAN and Ada definitely would survive an Extinction Level Event on earth.

Plenty of space based stuff running Ada and maybe some FORTRAN.

The key to understanding their longevity lies in the fact that they were the earliest high-level languages invented at a time when all software was built for serious long-lived stuff viz. Banking, Insurance, Finance, Simulations, Numerical Analysis, Embedded etc. Computing was strictly Science/Mathematics/Business and so a lot of very smart domain experts and programmers built systems to last from the ground up.