I think Andrew Ng wrote a great piece on this.

For example, in the US, which do you think uses more water: Golf Courses or Data Centers?

  a) Gold Courses use twice as much water as Data Centers
  b) About the same
  c) Data Centers use twice as much water as Gold Courses

Do you think a Google search or a Gemini query produces more carbon?

> Google had estimated that a single web search query produces 0.2 grams of CO2 emissions. [snip] the median Gemini LLM app query produces a surprisingly low 0.03 grams of CO2 emissions), and uses less energy than watching 9 seconds of television

https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/issue-336/