As the article says, it's based on Schongauer's The Temptation of St. Anthony. There's even a version by Salvador Dali.

there's a cool background to Dali's Temptation of St. Anthony.

In 1946, 11 surrealist painters were asked to submit a painting to be used in a film (Albert Lewin's "The Private Affairs of Bel Ami"). Among the contestants were Max Ernst (who won), Leonora Carrington, Dalì, Stanley Spencer, Dorothea Tanning. Among the judges was Marcel Duchamp. The painting is then shown in color - the only color scene in an otherwise black and white movie.

I think the reason why they specifically wanted the temptation of Saint Anthony had to do with censorship, but sadly I can't remember the details

There are many versions, it's a popular theme. I saw 4 or 5 together in the Museum of Western Art in Tokyo recently.