Can’t find the link now but a very comprehensive analysis of surgery vs physiotherapy for lower back issues found that physiotherapy was as effective as invasive, often dangerous spinal surgery. The only difference was time - surgery with recovery + recovery physio fixed the pain in about 4-6 months, while physiotherapy took 18-24 months

But on the plus side, physiotherapy is “free”, has no real risk, and most people who opted for the physiotherapy path found that they were happier and also fixed a lot of other pains simply because of regular stretching and exercise

Would be great if you could find that link.