Invalid click rate is not always a reliable metric.

I've been dealing a lot with click fraud on Google Ads, and it's usually hard to detect it without special tools.

What’s your experience?

Off the shelf click fraud software (for search) has never been ROI-positive for me when I run in A/B tests.

Fou analytics is a fun tool though for social/native etc

	▲	reconnecting 8 hours ago \| parent [-]
		Click farms that we had been dealing with for our clients did not render images on webpages during visits, therefore we put tirreno on the backend of the platform, plus added a 1px image that sends the same request to tirreno to spot the difference. Page loading + no image loading = blacklist API.