> As an example: I'm autistic and I learn inside-out, building larger new concepts out of smaller existing ones; those with Asperger's on the other paw, learn outside-in instead, breaking down larger existing concepts into smaller new ones; both are part of the "autism spectrum", but differ very fundamentally.

To me this just sounds like the interaction of autism with other variances in neurotype. You can also reasonably categorise non-autistic people into people who learn outside-in and those who learn inside-out.