> On the other hand, removing exec permissions to /tmp, /var/tmp and /dev/shm is also useful.

Sadly that's more of a duck tape or plaster, because any serious malware will launch their scripts with the proper '/bin/bash /path/to/dropped/payload' invocation. A non-exec mount works reasonably well only against actual binaries dropped into the paths, because it's much less common to launch them with the less known '/bin/ld.so /path/to/my/binary' stanza.

I've also at one time suggested that Debian installer should support configuring a read-only mount for /tmp, but got rejected. Too many packaging scripts depend on being able to run their various steps from /tmp (or more correctly, $TMPDIR).

I agree. That's why I said that it's also useful. It won't work in all scenarios, but in most of the cryptomining attacks, files dropped to /tmp are binaries.